Hokaglish

Hokaglish
Philippine Hybrid Hokkien
salamtsam-oe or "EngChiLog"
Native toPhilippines
RegionManila (concentrated in Binondo), or elsewhere in the Philippines
EthnicityChinese Filipinos
Native speakers
(More than 100,000[citation needed] cited 1945 – present)
Not applicable, oral contact language
Official status
Official language in
Not official, Minority language of the Philippines
in Binondo, Metro Manila and abroad
Recognised minority
language in
Not yet recognized, Metro Cebu, Metro Bacolod, Iloilo
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Area where Hokaglish is spoken
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Hokaglish (or Philippine Hybrid Hokkien, /ˈhɒkəɡlɪʃ/), also known by locals as Sa-lam-tsam oe (mixed language, Tai-lo: sann-lām-tsham-uē, [sãlamt͡sʰamue]), is an oral contact language primarily resulting among three languages: (1) Philippine Hokkien Chinese, (2) Tagalog/Filipino and (3) Philippine English.[1] (Other languages that have relative influence include Philippine Spanish, Cantonese, and other local peripheral languages.)[2]

  1. ^ Wong Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel (May 2016). "Exploring trilingual code-switching: The case of 'Hokaglish' (PDF Download Available)". Retrieved 2016-10-24 – via ResearchGate.
  2. ^ Wong Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel (16 November 2016). The language ecology of post-colonial Manila and Hokaglish – via ResearchGate.

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